Understanding the Stages of Labor: What to Expect During Childbirth

Giving birth is a natural process and each is unique—but no matter how your delivery unfolds, the process follows a predictable timeline known as the three stages of labor. Understanding each stage can help you better prepare for childbirth and make informed decisions about your birthing plan.

Here’s a breakdown of what happens during each of the stages of labor, from the first contractions to holding your baby in your arms.

Stage 1: Labor Begins

Labor is the first stage of childbirth. Contractions begin in this stage to dilate, or open the cervix as well as soften and shorten it. This prepares your body for childbirth by making it easier for your baby to move through the birth canal. On average, your labor lasts between 12 and 24 hours. Stage 1 is further broken down into three phases: early labor, active labor, and the transition phase.

Early Labor

Often referred to as early labor or latent labor, early labor is when your body starts contractions and shows signs of labor. They are often 15 to 20 minutes apart and are mildly uncomfortable. They should last about 60 to 90 seconds each, and become more regular until they’re about 4 minutes apart. This part of labor can take a long time. For first-time deliveries, it could take hours or even days. Labor times usually get shorter after multiple births.

You might notice a clear vaginal discharge or even your water breaking. If you experience bleeding or your water breaks, contact your provider or go to OB Triage at St. Joseph’s Hospital.

Active Labor

Women giving birth are usually portrayed in the media with active labor, as it’s the point where contractions become stronger, closer together, and regular. Your cervix will dilate from 6 to 10 centimeters. Your water may break during this time. Your contractions will continue to grow in intensity, and you may feel nausea, leg cramping, and labor pain.

Active labor will last anywhere from 4 to 8 hours. Once you’re at the hospital, they’ll check pulse, blood pressure, and temperature as well as monitor the baby’s heart rate. They’ll also do a pelvic exam to determine how much you’ve dilated.

During active labor, you can ask for pain relief, such as an epidural. Epidurals are a common form of pain relief, and it’s the mother’s choice if she wants to use one. The doctor may also place an IV line into your arm to deliver medication or fluids.

Sometimes, medical intervention like a cesarean section (C-section) is necessary. If your baby is breech (feet, knees, or buttocks first), your provider may already have a C-section scheduled.

Transition Phase

The transition phase is short, but also more intense and painful than the other labor phases. Your cervix will dilate from 8 to 10 centimeters and can last from 15 minutes to an hour. Your contractions will get closer and closer together and be about 2 to 3 minutes apart. They should each last about one minute. You will feel pressure on your lower back and rectum.

Stage 2: Delivery of Your Baby

Once your cervix is fully dilated, you enter the second of the three stages of labor: pushing and delivering your baby. . Contractions will slow to about 2 to 5 minutes apart, and you’ll feel a strong urge to push. Push when your healthcare provider tells you to push. This stage may take up to a few hours.

At this point, your body starts the process of birthing a baby. The baby will pass through the birth canal, and through the vagina to be born. Once the baby’s head passes through, the rest of the baby will follow quickly. Your healthcare provider will clean the baby and clear their airway once they’re born.

Stage 3: Delivery of the Placenta

The final stage of labor is often overlooked but still important. You’ll be able to hold your baby once they’re born, but labor isn’t quite over yet. You’ll have minor contractions that help push the placenta out, and you’ll need to push at least one more time to deliver the placenta. Your doctor will want to make sure it’s completely out to minimize the risk of infection and bleeding.

How to Prepare for the Stages of Labor

Preparation can make a big difference when navigating the different stages of labor. Consider taking a childbirth education class to understand the physical and emotional aspects of labor, discuss pain management options with your OB/Gyn, and create a birth plan that outlines your preferences for each stage. Pack your hospital bag ahead of time, practice breathing techniques, and make sure your support person understands how they can assist you during early labor, active labor, and delivery.

Knowing what to expect during the stages of labor can help you feel more confident, empowered, and prepared for the big day. Every birth is different, but understanding the common phases gives you a framework for planning and peace of mind.

Looking for an OB/Gyn you can trust with your pregnancy and delivery? If you live in the Tucson area, we’re here to help. Book an appointment today and let us support you through every stage of labor and beyond.

Are you looking for an OB/Gyn you can trust? Do you live in the Tucson area? Book an appointment today!

References